How to Write a Research Question (SMART + FINER Frameworks)
The single biggest cause of stalled dissertations is a research question too broad to answer. Two frameworks — SMART and FINER — force your question into a shape you can actually finish.
SMART
Specific — what exactly are you measuring? Measurable — how will you know when you have answered it? Achievable — with your time and resources? Relevant — to your field? Time-bound — within the study period?
FINER (medical / research-heavy)
Feasible — do you have the data, subjects, and skills? Interesting — will it engage examiners? Novel — does it add to the field? Ethical — will an IRB approve? Relevant — is it worth answering?
From broad to specific — example
Broad: 'How does social media affect students?' Better: 'How does daily Instagram use correlate with self-reported anxiety among UK undergraduates aged 18–22, measured across one academic year?' The second is answerable; the first is not.
FAQ
How many research questions should I have?
One primary, up to three supporting sub-questions. More than four means your scope is too broad.
Can I change the question mid-project?
Small refinements are normal. Major changes require supervisor approval.
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