Harvard Referencing Guide — In-Text, Reference List, Common Cases
Harvard is a family of author-date styles — every university interprets it slightly differently. Check your institution's exact guide, but the core rules are consistent.
In-text citations
(Author Year) or Author (Year). For quotes, add a page: (Smith 2023, p. 42). Multiple authors: (Smith and Jones 2023); three or more: (Smith et al. 2023).
Reference list
Alphabetical by author surname. Author, Initial. (Year) Title of work. Publisher: Place. Journal titles italicized; article titles in plain text.
Journal article
Smith, J. (2023) 'Article title', Journal of Something, 45(2), pp. 100–120.
Book
Smith, J. (2023) Title of book. 2nd edn. London: Publisher.
Website
Smith, J. (2023) Title of page. Available at: https://example.com (Accessed: 12 January 2024).
FAQ
Is Harvard the same everywhere?
No — always check your university's specific Harvard guide for punctuation and italicization rules.
Do I use 'and' or '&'?
In-text: usually 'and'. Reference list: usually '&' between author names. Check your guide.
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